Liberal Humanism:

Hypothesis: The English word ‘theory’ is gotten from a specialized term of theory in old Greek. It originates from the word ‘theria’ which implies ‘a looking craftsmanship, seeing or beholding’. In progressively specialized setting, it comes to allude to theoretical understandings of characteristic things. Pythagoras just because builds up the significance of ‘theory’. To him the word implies an enthusiastic, thoughtful examination of numerical and logical information. Then again Aristotle accepts that ‘theory’ is stood out from praxis or practice. For him both practice and hypothesis include thinking yet the points are different.Theoretical thought considers things which individuals can't move or change and which has no human point separated from itself. Actually, praxis includes thinking consistently with a mean to wanted activities whereby people cause change or development themselves for their own finishes. Hypothes is is really an intricate worldview in light of the fact that it consolidates various zones, for example, hypothesis of the writing, science, innovation, legislative issues, etc. It is normally however that hypothesis is the efficient record of the idea of any field and how this nature can be examined. Sequential DEVLOPMENT OF â€Å"THEORY†:One hypothesis brings forth another hypothesis. The development of basic hypothesis in the post-war period appears to contain a progression of ‘waves’ being related with a particular decade and all pointed against the liberal humanist accord. In 1960s, two new terms were showed up. â€Å"Marxist Criticism†, which had been spearheaded during the 1930s, reawakened during the 1960s and â€Å"psychoanalytic Criticism† came during the 1960s. In 1970s news spread in artistic basic circles in Britain and U. S. A. about specific â€Å"structuralism† and â€Å"post-structuralism†, the two of which began In F rance.In the mid 1980s two new structures political and authentic analysis developed â€Å"new historicism†. At long last, during the 1980s, a fabulous clarification appeared to be occurring there was a definitive float towards dispersal, diversity and exceptional intrigue types of analysis and hypothesis. Accordingly, post-expansionism dismisses the possibility of all around pertinent Marxist clarifications. In like manner post-innovation focuses on the divided idea of much contemporary experience. Women's liberation likewise gives indications of dissolving sexual orientation contemplates, with gay and lesbian writings rising as unmistakable fields of writing, and thus inferring and producing ppropriate and particular basic methodologies. LIBERAL HUMANISM: Liberal Humanism alludes to the possibility that we can comprehend or clarify our reality through sound enquiry. It rejects clarifications dependent on the heavenly or celestial powers. This thought turned into the reason for the advancement of science on the Western world. It’s a type of theory focused on the flawlessness of a common life, instead of on the groundwork for an unceasing and profound life. In theory and sociology, humanism alludes to a viewpoint that confirms some thought of a â€Å"human nature†.The word â€Å"humanist† gets from the fifteenth century Italian term umanista. The term ‘liberal humanism' indicates the decision suppositions, qualities and implications of the advanced age. It professes to be both characteristic and all inclusive. The regular element of liberal humanism is ‘freedom’. It isn't related with powerful things. Or maybe it accepts that our perception can be clarified by human examination and thought. The tenets of liberal humanism are: * To know obscure and to make uncreated * Having levelheaded staff * Being self ward * Superiority of people Absolute opportunity of human brain *Having the privilege and obligation to give s ignificance and shape to our lives. Rise OF LIBERAL HUMANISM: Liberal Humanism introduces objective enquiry and rejects the powerful or the domain of feelings. It was a reaction to the Dark Ages when individuals put stock in religion aimlessly. The hold of the Church was solid to such an extent that even the lord needed to bow down to its choices. Around then, individuals were informed that they should acknowledge their put in the request of religion. A while later, humanism accompanied a faith in the opportunity of individuals to control their own destinies.It created during the fourteenth and the start of the fifteenth hundreds of years, and was a reaction to the test of medieval academic training stressing down to earth, pre-proficient and logical examinations. Step by step, individuals began scrutinizing the lessons of the congregation. Martin Luther King demanded perusing the Bible instead of following the translations of the minister. He contended that we should follow religio n soundly. Numerous individuals began scrutinizing the inflexible ceremonial parts of religion as well. Indeed, even researchers like Galileo contend that one must peruse the book of nature.Such thoughts advance the development of science and strengthen the faith in perception and sound examination. It is in such a unique circumstance, that humanism rises. With this, we likewise observe a restoration in the investigation of Classical Greek and Roman writings. We see the rise of confidence in human instead of celestial. Thusly, liberal humanism has made human brain liberated from the current subjugation of religion in Middle age. PLATO (427-347): Plato is the organizer of theory in antiquated Greece KEY FACTS: *The material we see through our body and our faculties isn't this present reality however a defective duplicate of a perfect world. Works of art to replicate or speak to the recognizable material world. *Literature is significant and should be managed or administered in light of the fact that it powerfully affects its perusers. *The substance of writing is a higher priority than the structure it comes in. As per Plato’s theory, reason was the most elevated type of thought and the ideal methods for persuading social information. For Plato, reason is a procedure of legitimate conclusion. Stories, verse and dramatization claim to their audiences’ feeling more than to the reasonable minds.As craftsmanship stimulates feelings, it can never be valid. He said that reality must be caught through balanced idea, as exemplified in Mathematics. Plato and his supporters overlooked the way that we can see with our physical faculties. In this domain, things stay in their absolute best structure and never show signs of change. Their static condition makes them interminable and subsequently the quintessence of the considerable number of things that exist in our material world are just duplicates of the structure that exist in the perfect world. As they are duplicates, they are fundamentally less impeccable than the first forms.According to Plato, we can comprehend the universe of structures just through explanation and the procedure of sensible contention. Savants use rationale and motivation to find truth. On the other hand, specialists inspire feelings by making portrayals of the world. Plato thought about all expressions as illustrative. Workmanship makes image of the material noticeable world which Plato called â€Å"nature†. Be that as it may, ‘nature’ is itself just a generation, a duplicate of what exist in the ideal structure in the domain of the perfect. Along these lines, any craftsmanship that recreates nature is simply replicating from a duplicate. An artist’s work is constantly expelled from the universe of truth and perfect perfection.As their manifestations are duplicates of duplicates and these duplicates energize emotions as opposed to reason, Plato stressed that craftsmanship and craftsman may undermine social request, and the interminable facts. In book X of The republic, Plato focuses explicitly to writers and verse in notice that every single beautiful impersonation are ruinous to the comprehension of the listeners, except if as a cure they have the information on the genuine idea of the information. Plato stressed that workmanship, including abstract craftsmanship like verse and dramatization lie and impact their crowd in nonsensical ways.This instructional analysis contends that writing is a ground-breaking vehicle for stirring feelings, without fundamentally introducing any sound evaluation that it can introduce a steady threat to its crowd. Moral analysis centers around the substance of a work of writing, asking whether its impact is fortunate or unfortunate instead of paying feelings to its aesthetic or formal qualities. Aristotle (384-322 BCE) Aristotle, one of the antiquated Greek logicians, is the ‘founding father’ of western idea. KEY FACTS: * Aristotle’s principle concern was in the structure and solidarity of a masterful work. Workmanship isn't double to the explanation and threatening to rationale and soundness. *Reality dwells in the alterable universe of sense recognitions or, the physical, material world. * ‘Form' of Ideal can just exist in unmistakable instances of that structure. Aristotle was less inspired by the substance of writing than in its structures. As indicated by Aristotle, craftsmanship isn't an impersonation or a generation of nature of the world we see with our faculties. So it's anything but a second rate multiplication or duplicate of nature rather it is a procedure of articulating the occasions of nature or paint which assists with improving or complete nature.For model, when a craftsman portrays a cherry tree or composes a sonnet about it, the individual in question doesn't simply duplicate the tree yet makes another adaptation of the tree through the procedure. With the assistance o f hues or words the craftsman re-makes it. Specialists are significant in light of the fact that workmanship forces request on a disarranged and tumultuous characteristic world. Writing especially forces a specific sort of account request on occasions. Thus there is a start, center and an end what is portrayed in words. Aristotle accepts that workmanship and writing total a procedure which the normal world leaves incomplete.Nature only displays us with occasions and tangible encounters while craftsmanship furnishes us with their significance. Hence workmanship and writing are a positive social power which is differentiating to Plato’s see. Aristotle’s expressions, making request and framework help to discover delight in the portrayal of a justifiable and important reality. The p

Critq. of 2 current medical dictionary's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critq. of 2 current clinical word reference's - Essay Example word reference contains the most recent of the clinical terms and the definitions gave are very straightforward even by layman as they are written in basic English and since many incorporate models, it turns out to be anything but difficult to relate the implications. The definitions are precise and furthermore incorporate elocution phonetics alongside particular/plural structures. Contractions have been given so as the definitions don't surpass over pages! Historical backgrounds or word sources of numerous words have been given too, the same number of the clinical terms have Latin inception, for additional comprehension and simplicity of retaining the word. For instance, on the off chance that we realize that â€Å"logy† implies study, and â€Å"cardio† implies relating to heart, at that point we can comprehend that cardiology is the investigation of the heart. Numerous terms additionally have certain announcements in shading, which carry consideration of the client to extraordinary contemplations that should be noted during training. This is particularly useful as they fill in as tips, and are here and there excluded from reading material. Furthermore, another area containing 100 most much of the time recommended drugs have been aggregated. A portion of the data is accessible in organized structure for better relationship and an orderly way to deal with specific terms. An incredible element of the hardcover release, the one that I audited is that it contains a segment containing different infections alongside their manifestations, determination and medications, which can come extremely convenient for clinical understudies. Another extraordinary point about this word reference is that it prints equivalent words for the different clinical terms, which are valuable for connecting different clinical issues. The supplement included data with respect to correlative and elective medication, prefixes/additions. There are in excess of 700 delineations an d 500 shading pictures, as indicated by Amazon, which has given this book a rating of four and a half stars! The delineations incorporate hued and marked graphs, pictures and diagrams, and are unquestionably educational and of amazing quality.

Possible Side Effects of Prozac in Kids

Possible Side Effects of Prozac in Kids Depression Treatment Medication Print Potential Prozac Side Effects in Children Side effects are often mild in children By Lauren DiMaria linkedin Lauren DiMaria is a member of the Society of Clinical Research Associates and childhood psychology expert. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren DiMaria Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Rebecca Nelson/Taxi/Getty Images More in Depression Treatment Medication Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Types Childhood Depression Suicide In This Article Table of Contents Expand Side Effects Suicidal Ideation Risk and Benefits View All Back To Top Prozac (fluoxetine) is the only approved antidepressant for children ages 8 and older. As such, it is a commonly prescribed medication for children and teens  with major depressive disorder  and sometimes bipolar disorder. Prozac is one of the most commonly prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications for adults and it has been shown to be the most effective one for kids. While its not advised that Prozac is prescribed to every child, it can be part of a successful treatment plan for some individuals. Before your child begins taking Prozac, its important that you understand its potential side effects. Have a conversation with your childs doctor about these and be sure to monitor your childs behavior carefully if he does start taking it. Common Side Effects   Prozac is generally well-tolerated in children, and few stop taking it because of bothersome side effects. The side effects of Prozac are often mild and short-lasting. If they occur, side effects usually happen at the start of treatment and often resolve within a few weeks without any need for additional intervention. Common side effects may include: Gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, upset stomach, diarrhea)Sleep changes (e.g., insomnia, somnolence, vivid dreams, nightmares, impaired sleep)RestlessnessSweatingHeadachesRestless legsAppetite changes (increase or decrease)Sedation Less Common Side Effects   Additionally, a small percentage of children who take Prozac may show increased impulsivity, agitation, or irritability. These symptoms appear to be more likely in children with bipolar disorder, or those who are predisposed to develop it. Be sure to let your childs healthcare provider know if she has ever experienced a manic or hypomanic state, or if there is a family history of bipolar disorder. Serious Side Effects Although rare, Prozac is associated with certain more serious side effects. If you notice any of the following in your child, contact your healthcare provider immediately: New or worsening anxiety or depression symptomsSevere agitation or restlessnessUncontrollable anger or violencePanic attacks (e.g., difficulty breathing, racing heartbeat)Symptoms of mania (e.g., racing thoughts, pressured and fast speech, excessive risk-taking)Unusual changes in behavior or moodProblems with coordination Increased Thoughts of Suicide Another serious side effect that warrants special attention is the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior. The  FDA has issued a public warning that suicidal thoughts and behavior may increase in children and adolescents up to age 25 who are taking SSRI antidepressant medications. The risk is highest when the medication is first taken and whenever the dose is changed. Though its important for everyone to be aware of suicidal ideation and self-harm signs in youth, its even more imperative when children are taking an SSRI. Some of the warning signs include an increase in sadness, isolation, panic attacks, or aggressiveness. These may be subtle and lead to  thoughts about suicide or dying,  suicide attempts,  or self-injury. Weighing the Risks According to reviews reported by the National Institute of Mental Health, the benefits of antidepressants most likely outweigh the risks for children and adolescents with major depression and anxiety disorders. A study published in The Lancet went further and compared various antidepressants. The conclusion states that, while these medications do not seem to offer a clear advantage for treating a childs depression, Prozac is likely the best option. Like all medications, the decision to start treatment with an SSRI should carefully weigh the expected benefits and risksâ€"including potential side effectsâ€"of the drug. While many side effects may resolve with time, a child should not suffer unnecessarily  from additional complications. There are many  depression treatment options  that can help minimize the potential for these side effects. A Word From Verywell Generally, it is still preferred that children with depression only use antidepressants as a last resort and therapy remains the first treatment option.  Although most side effects of Prozac in children are usually mild and temporary, discuss all side effects, regardless of severity, with your childs clinician.  As a team, you can work together to figure out the best treatment.

To Kill A Mockingbird Truth Essay - 2116 Words

As Mahatma Gandhi said, â€Å"Morality is the basis of things and truth is the substance of morality.† Demonstrated every day in reality, and expressed in many works of art and literature, this maxim may best be shown in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. To Kill a Mockingbird is the multifaceted and passionate story about and narrated by young Jean Louise â€Å"Scout† Finch as she grows up in 1930s Alabama, telling of the lessons she learns about prejudice, justice, and social rules. The narrative of her family, her neighbors, and society in general are seen through her eyes, and her own growth in response progresses throughout the book. The themes of To Kill a Mockingbird - of innocence, prejudice, morality, belief, and justice - each†¦show more content†¦Even direct evidence can’t change what they think of Arthur. It is easy to see how smoothly and quickly these rumors can be adopted as fact; there is only a short step to this â€Å"knowl edge† being passed on. When Scout first describes the situation regarding Arthur, she mentions that â€Å"Jem received most of his information from Stephanie Crawford, who said she knew the whole thing.† (11) This is one of many times in which Scout mentions Jem, her older brother, gathering this information. It is always framed this way, coming from an outside source, to subtly show the reader that it should not be accepted as fact. Yet, Scout rarely reiterates â€Å"Jem said that†; she accepts it as truth. The reason that Scout and Jem accept what they hear so quickly is that they are children; they have been taught to believe what they are told by adults and it is in their best interest to do so. Gullibility, which results from this, is a primary facet of innocence, and it is this innocence that allows the most absurd of lies to be carried on. Gossip and rumor - the ability to take a kernel of truth and grow it into any falsehood desired - is quite frequently seen throughout To Kill a Mockingbird. Since it is incredibly rare that the rumors are true, this theme contributes largely to the theme of truth in general, and its recurrence in the Maycomb community shows how important Harper Lee deems it. What plays an even more influential role inShow MoreRelatedEssay On The Truth In To Kill A Mockingbird1128 Words   |  5 Pageslearn in life, or teach your children, is that life is not castles in the skies, happily ever after. The biggest lesson we have to give our children is truth† (Safire 99). In Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus Finch, a lawyer, emphasizes teaching his children the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. To Kill a Mockingbird exposes the reader to several situations in Maycomb County, Alabama, in the 1930s, and reveals Atticus’s beliefs concerning those situations. Atticus’sRead MoreMaycombs Unusual Disease1211 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Maycomb’s ‘Unusual’ Disease In the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, the residents seem to have all been infected by the same disease. Harper Lee, the author of the very famous novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, has used several ways of portraying this idea and is able to convince readers that her characters really do have some sort of ‘illness,’ an illness which affects people’s thoughts on how others should be treated. The novel highlights several issues including racism, childhood, injustice andRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pagessociety think otherwise. In this essay I’ll be discussing the 5 books I’d save from the firemen if I was Guy Montag in Fahrenheit 451, and which of the 5 I’d choose to remember and â€Å"become†. The books I’d save would be Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, Markus Zusak’s The Book Thief, Jandy Nelson’s I’ll Give You the Sun, the Bible’s book of Genesis, and Dave Canterburyâ⠂¬â„¢s Bushcraft 101: A Field Guide to the Art of Wilderness Survival. Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is an unforgettable novel ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Angela s Ashes By Frank Mccourt Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pageslife for those who are poor. Go Set A Watchman by Harper Lee~ Pulitzer Prize winner -This book is the sequel of To Kill a Mockingbird, which follows 26 year old Jean Louise Finch (Scout), home from New York to visit her father, Atticus. While visiting Scout discovers troubling truths from her past. This book would be a good choice for me because, when I read To Kill A Mockingbird in eighth grade I fell in love with the story. The Sense of an Ending by Julian Barnes~ Man Booker Prize -This bookRead MoreAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird 843 Words   |  4 Pagesdrunk and one of them is that he wants people to leave him alone. One major theme from To Kill A Mockingbird is to not judge a person by his appearance. This theme refers to Tom Robinson, Boo Radley, and Raymond because they seem to be bad from a normal person perspective,but on the inside they’re good humans who try to live there life but can’t because the world has people who interfere with them. This essay will explain about how to character are criticized and judged but later show who they veryRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird Essay About Racism795 Words   |  4 PagesBurrell Period 5 TKAM Essay 10/6/09 (Re-Write 10/24/09) To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee depicts racism in the 1930’s and shows the characters had to overcome challenges because of it. The 1930’s was a difficult time to live in because of racism against African Americans and the depression, where thousands of people lost their jobs. The idea â€Å"an extraordinary challenge can sometimes make an ordinary person into a hero† shows that anyone in To Kill a Mockingbird could have been a hero,Read MoreA Silent Truth in To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee Essay1809 Words   |  8 Pagesmost likely the case with the stories that are based on the truth, but are not the whole truth. Stories that are based on the truth are not completely the truth in that the author adds small details to make the story more interesting. There are various assumptions that Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird is a story related to her own life. Similarities and differences are found between Lee’s life and Scout’s l ife in To Kill A Mockingbird. Harper Lee wrote about a little girl named Jean Louise FinchRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird Essay-Emotional/Moral Courage1417 Words   |  6 PagesTo Kill A Mockingbird Essay-Emotional/Moral Courage Websters dictionary defines courage as mental or moral strength to venture, persevere, and withstand danger, fear, or difficulty. According to Atticus Finch, one of the main characters in To Kill A Mockingbird, Courage is when you know youre licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. (Chapter 11, Page 124) No matter how you define it, Harper Lee definitely portrays the theme of mental courage inRead MorePersonality Review : Atticus Finch From Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird1265 Words   |  6 PagesPersonality Review Essay: Atticus Finch from Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird What do you think when you picture a good leader? Do you picture someone who possesses integrity, loyalty, and knowledge or someone who is strong, loud and powerful? Leaders can have many different qualities and still be successful, respected, and admired. There are some leaders who are in total control, they tell a group of people what to do and people follow orders. Others may be focused more on morals, they teachRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1165 Words   |  5 PagesPheng Lao Mr. Abbott English 9 15 December, 2015 To A Mockingbird Essay In the novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, by harper lee, the setting is based on a little town, Maycomb, as scout grows up she sees the changes in her society, role of women, and courage. Scout learns more about the world as she grows up and she starts to see the discrimination between the blacks and the whites. Scout hears a lot about Boo Radley but never sees him. She knows how her society is bad from the day Tom

Emotional Intelligence The Mcgraw Hill / Irwin Website

Emotional intelligence; also referred to as EI or EQ, is defined as, â€Å"a skill in perceiving, understanding, and managing emotions and feelings† (n.d.). The way I express myself, interact with others, demonstrate emotions and deal with stress on a consistent basis may lead to a high EQ, or low EQ, depending on my actions. I was able to take a self-assessment on the McGraw-Hill/Irwin website that provided a score for my emotional intelligence with specific areas of strengths and weaknesses included. Overall, I scored 87 out of 100 possible points, which ranks my score considerably high. Based on my results, I faired well in regards to understanding and managing my emotions in all areas of my life. Understanding emotional intelligence, and achieving a high score in similar assessments, may lead to rewarding results in many facets of life’s daily tasks and interactions. A person, who has developed a high emotional intelligence, will keep their emotions under control, s trengthen relationships with those around them, and know their limitations. Keeping emotions under control is no easy task, but once strategies for managing emotions are learned and implemented, this area of EQ may prove to be valuable. There are various strategies and techniques available for one to learn how to develop a solid foundation for emotional intelligence. One possible recommendation that may effectively improve emotional intelligence is a coach. According to Chamoroo-Premuzic (2013), â€Å" research alsoShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"Coca-Cola Is Everything†1204 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Coca-Cola Is Everything† March 2013 Abstract This paper will provide the answers to questions asked in week two assignment. The paper will explore concepts such as supply chain management, switching cost, and business intelligence and apply them to Coca-Cola’s internal collaboration efforts. Sources in the paper have cited the use of social media tools through Facebook and loyalty programs. Warden (2013) has called Coca-Cola king of social of media. This paper will compare Coca-Cola’s socialRead MoreMarketing Principles Summative Brand Analysis - Urban outfitters2106 Words   |  9 Pagesretail environment; and an engaging integrated marketing communications approach. As their mission statement affirms, the intrinsic approach to this entire strategy is the constant endeavour to â€Å"understand our customers and connect with them on an emotional level† in order to determine customer behaviour (URBN.com; Bulmer and Oliver, 2004; Kimmel, 2010). A number of facets in Urban Outfitter’s customer-inspired product range position the brand ahead of competitors in the eyes of the target consumerRead MoreCultural Norms, Fair Lovely, and Advertising.2119 Words   |  9 Pagesis the correct use of the marketing promotion. 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This will include a â€Å"web browser† – the basic software for accessing and reading content on websites, an e-mail client for composing and reading the messages on the vast number of news groups, affinity groups exchanging messages and information on particular topics, (Siringinidi, 2000).Consumers will normally be provided with dial-up access to theirRead MoreThe Effects of Benefits, Relationship with Supervisor, and Job Security on Job Satisfaction of the Csa at Lmn Company in Metro Manila15175 Words   |  61 PagesPositive mindset of the people signify their job satisfaction and whereas negative mindset of the people signify their job dissatisfaction (Armstrong, 2006). Job satisfaction is th e success of the employees that can be determined based on their intelligence, their skills, and their attitude and training. Also, the success of an individual in his/her job depends on how s/he deals with his/her co-workers. 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Questions On Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

7. 1-2-3: After carefully reading the article, identify and discuss briefly: 1 thing you learned, 2 things you want to know more about or are confused about, and 3 things you can apply in your work. From the Huffington Post online newspaper, an article was written by Anat Baniel addressing kids with Autism Spectrum disorders, the brain based research behind their actions and behaviors, and things teachers, parents, etc can do to help ASD children learn and understand the world around them. One thing I learned when reading this article is that the brain of a child with ASD is actually unable to perceive differences (signal to noise ratio) of information compared to a ‘normal’ child. Children with ASD find it challenging to organize actions and interact with their peers because of this perception difference. One of the things I would like to know more about is the perception activities that teachers can guide to help kids with ASD better understand information signals. I n this particular article, a five year old boy named Sammy was unable to stay dry the whole day. He would always end up wetting his pants at some point. Baniel thought that Sammy’s brain was not perceiving the difference of wet and dry well enough. She took two washcloths, one wet and the other dry, and began pressing them on Sammy’s body to help him learn the difference of the two. After that activity, Sammy never wet his pants again. He learned the difference between wet and dry and knew that staying dryShow MoreRelatedEarly Intervention is Crucial in Treating Autism Spectrum Disorder988 Words   |  4 Pageshas autism spectrum disorder† are words no parent wants to hear. They are words that will instill fear, worry, and sadness. When parents hear this for the first time, they will have many questions. â€Å"Is there anything I can do to help my child? If so, what can be done?† Early intervention services; such as applied behavior analysis therapy, occupational therapy, sensory integration therapy, and speech therapy before the age of three; can help improve the development of children with autism spectrumRead MoreLanguage Comprehension And Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder845 Words   |  4 Pagescomprehension in children with autism spectrum disorder. So, in order to build upon this profile, the purpose of this study was to differentiate between lexically and syntactically based difficulties in school age boys with autism spectrum disorder, alongside a subgroup of boys with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability in comparison to typically developing boys. By assessing the source of language comprehension impairment for children with autism spectrum disorder the article did notRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And Autism1492 Words   |  6 Pageslife there are several different disorders that have been well known from many years ago. There is one disorder that was diagnosed in the early 1800’s but it wasn’t until a few years ago that it gained lots of attention. What used to be known as Autism was later renamed in the DSM to Autism Spectrum Disorder meaning, a neurodevelopmental disorder rather than a pervasive developmental disorder (Gargiulo, 2015). Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder characterized by abnormal or impairedRead MoreMason was not unlike many children in that according to the most recent Center for Disease Control800 Words   |  4 PagesMason was not unlike many children in that according to the most recent Center for Disease Control (CDC) reports, one in every sixty-eight children is on the autism spectrum. 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Properties of Engineering Materials free essay sample

Engineering materials Choice of materials for a machine element depends very much on its properties, cost, availability and such other factors. It is therefore important to have some idea of the common engineering materials and their properties before learning the details of design procedure. Common engineering materials are normally classified as metals and nonmetals. Metals may conveniently be divided into ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Important ferrous metals for the present purpose are: (i) Cast iron (ii) wrought iron (iii) steel. Some of the important non-ferrous metals used in engineering design are: (a) Light metal group such as aluminum and its alloys, magnesium and Manganese alloys. (b) Copper based alloys such as brass (Cu-Zn), bronze (Cu-Sn). (c) White metal group such as nickel, silver, white bearing metals e. g. Selection criteria for engineering materials The selection of material, for engineering purposes, is one of the most difficult problem for designer. The best material is one which serves the desired objective at the minimum cost. The following factors should be considered while selecting the material: 1. Availability of the materials. . Suitability of the materials for the working conditions in service. 3. The cost of the material. 4. Its susceptibility to corrosion. 5. Its physical, chemical as well as thermal stability. 6. Material must withstand service demands. Such as dimensional stability, adequate strength, toughness, thermal conductivity etc. 7. The extent of the stresses induced. 8. Factor of safety desired. 9. The initial stresses during the material processing. 10. Its density, melting point, boiling point at the working conditions. 11. The extent of surface finish required. 12. Fabrication requirement. 13. Ease of joining, repair by welding etc. 4. Disposability and recyclability. 15. The aesthetics of the material. 16. Chemical nature of the material. 17. Environmental conditions. Mechanical properties of engineering materials Elasticity This is the property of a material to regain its original shape after deformation when the external forces are removed. All materials are plastic to some extent but the degree varies, for example, both mild steel and rubber are elastic materials but steel is more elastic than rubber. Plasticity This is associated with the permanent deformation of material when the stress level exceeds the yield point. Under plastic conditions materials ideally deform without any increase in stress Strength It is the ability of a material to resist deformation. The strength of a component is usually considered based on the maximum load that can be borne before failure is apparent. If under simple tension the permanent deformation (plastic strain) that takes place in a component before failure, the load-carrying capacity, at the instant of final rupture, will probably be less than the maximum load supported at a lower strain because the load is being applied over significantly smaller cross-sectional area. Under simple compression, the load at fracture will be the maximum applicable over a significantly enlarged area compared with the cross-sectional area under no load. Ductility It is more commonly defined as the ability of a material to deform easily upon the application of a tensile force, or as the ability of a material to withstand plastic deformation without rupture. Ductility may also be thought of in terms of bend ability and crushability. This is the property of the material that enables it to be drawn-out or elongated to an appreciable extent before rupture occurs. The percentage elongation or percentage reduction in area before rupture of a test specimen is the measure of ductility. Normally if percentage elongation exceeds 15% the material is ductile and if it is less than 5%the material is brittle. Lead, copper, aluminium, mild steel are typical ductile materials. Ductile materials show large deformation before fracture. The lack of ductility is often termed brittleness. Usually, if two materials have the same strength and hardness, the one that has the higher ductility is more desirable. The ductility of many metals can change if conditions are altered. An increase in temperature will increase ductility. A decrease in temperature will cause decrease inductility and a change from ductile to brittle behavior Malleability Where ductility is the ability of a material to deform easily upon the application of a tensile force, malleability is the ability of a metal to exhibit large deformation or plastic response when being subjected to compressive force. It is a special case of ductility where it can be rolled into thin sheets but it is not necessary to be so strong. Lead, soft steel, wrought iron, copper and aluminium are some materials in order Of diminishing malleability. Uniform compressive force causes deformation in the manner shown in Figure 7. The material contracts axially with the force and expands laterally. Restraint due to friction at the contact faces induces axial tension on the outside. Tensile forces operate around the circumference with the lateral expansion or increasing girth. Plastic flow at the center of the material also induces tension. Therefore, the criterion of fracture (that is, the limit of plastic deformation) for a plastic material is likely to depend on tensile rather than compressive stress. Temperature change may modify both the plastic flow mode and the fracture mode. Toughness The quality known as toughness describes the way a material reacts under sudden impacts. This is the property which enables a material to be twisted, bent or stretched under impact load or high stress before rupture. It may be considered to be the ability of the material to absorb energy in the plastic zone. The measure of toughness is the amount of energy absorbed after being stressed upto the point of fracture. It is defined as The work required to deform one cubic inch of metal until it fractures. Toughness is measured by the Charpy test or the Izod test. Both of these tests use a notched sample. The location and shape of the notch are standard. The points of support of the sample, as well as the impact of the hammer, must bear a constant relationship to the location of the notch. Hardness Hardness is the property of a material that enables it to resist plastic deformation, penetration, indentation, and scratching. Therefore, hardness is important from an engineering standpoint because resistance to wear by either friction or erosion by steam, oil, and water generally increases with hardness. Several methods have been developed for hardness testing. Those most often used are Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers, Tukon, Sclerscope, and the files test. The first four are based on indentation tests and the fifth on the rebound height of a diamond-tipped metallic hammer. The file test establishes the characteristics of how well a file takes a bite on the material. Creep When a member is subjected to a constant load over a long period of time it undergoes a slow permanent deformation and this is termed as â€Å"creep†. This is dependent on temperature. Usually at elevated temperatures creep is high. Resilience This is the property of the material that enables it to resist shock and impact by storing energy. The measure of resilience is the strain energy absorbed per unit volume. For a rod of length L subjected to tensile load P, a linear load-deflection plot is shown in figure- Brittleness- This is opposite to ductility. Brittle materials show little deformation before fracture and failure occur suddenly without any warning. Normally if the elongation is less than 5% the material is considered to be brittle. E. g. cast iron, glass, ceramics are typical brittle materials. Fatigue Fatigue is a phenomenon associated with variable loading or more precisely to cyclic stressing or straining of a material. Just as we human beings get fatigue when a specific task is repeatedly performed, in a similar manner metallic components subjected to variable loading get fatigue, which leads to their premature failure under specific conditions. Fatigue loading is primarily the type of loading which causes cyclic variations in the applied stress or strain on a component. Thus any variable loading is basically a fatigue loading. Stress Concentration In developing a machine it is impossible to avoid changes in cross-section, holes,notches, shoulders etc. Some examples are shown in figure Any such discontinuity in a member affects the stress distribution in the neighbourhood and the discontinuity acts as a stress raiser. whenever a machine component changes the shape of its cross section, the simple stress distribution does not holds good and the neighbourhood of discontinuity is different this irregularity in the stress distribution caused by abrupt changes of form is called stress concentration. It occurs for all kinds of stresses in the prescence of fillets, notches, holes, keyways, splines, surface roughness or scratches etc. the nominalstress in the right and left sides, of the above mentioned components, will be uniform but in the region where the cross section is changing, a re-distribution of the force whithin the member must take plac. The material near the edges is stressed considerably higher than the average value. The maximum stress occurs at some point on the fillet and is directed parallel to the boundry at that point. Theoratical or form stress concentration factor The theoratical or form stress concentration factor is defined as the ratio of the maximum stress in a member (at a notch or fillet) to the nominal stress at the same section based upon net area. Mathematically, theoratical or form stress concentration factor. Kt = Maximum stress Nominal stress Methods of reducing stress concentration A number of methods are available to reduce stress concentration in machineparts. Some of them are as follows: 1. Provide a fillet radius so that the cross-section may change gradually. 2. Sometimes an elliptical fillet is also used. 3. If a notch is unavoidable it is better to provide a number of small notchesrather than a long one. This reduces the stress concentration to a large extent. 4. If a projection is unavoidable from design considerations it is preferable toprovide a narrow notch than a wide notch. 5. Stress relieving groove are sometimes provided. These are demonstrated in figure